Wheelchair Seat Back Systems, Wheelchair Cushions, Lumbar Support, Back Support Cushion

The Importance of Wheelchair Seat Back Systems

The back support in a wheelchair can have a significant effect on many different health matters. Sitting is the human posture that is the least helpful for maintenance of functional flexibility and good back mobility. There is risk for deformity, especially when there are any orthopedic or neurological problems. Therefore, a cushion that supports the back should be considered along with support of the trunk.

Some spinal deformities that can benefit from having a back support in a wheelchair are kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, or a combination of more than one. Kyphosis occurs when there is an exaggeration of the curves of the thoracic (mid back) and cervical (neck) spines. Lordosis happens when there is an exaggeration of the curve of the lumbar spine (low back). Scoliosis is when there is an atypical lateral, or sideways, curve to the spine. Instead of coming straight from the pelvis, the spine curves laterally. This sideways change is usually related to a greater pull on one side of the body or trunk than the other. Kyphoscoliosis is also known as rotoscoliosis. This occurs when kyphosis combines with scoliosis to create a deformity in two planes.

What is a Lumbar Cushion?

A lumbar cushion is a specially designed device used for providing added support to the lower back. It can relieve or reduce lower back pain that is aggravated by long periods of sitting in a wheelchair. Normally, a lumbar cushion is contoured to conform to the natural curve of the lower back when a person is seated. Those who have lower back pain or muscle tension may benefit from using a lumbar cushion in their wheelchair.

A lumbar cushion is firm and supportive rather than soft like standard pillows and cushions. It is similar in construction to other contoured support pillows. The goal when using a cushion like this is to provide ergonomic support to an area of the body that may be strained or become strained from prolonged sitting in a wheelchair. Lumbar cushions are specifically made for those who experience lower back pain when sitting in one position for an extended period of time. Choosing a lumbar cushion that has a washable surface, or that features a removable, washable cover is important for easier maintenance and durability.

What is Lumbar Support?

Lumbar support is the process of providing proper support to the skeletal structure and muscles of the lower back. The importance of proper lumbar support cannot be underestimated. Excruciating pain can be the result of damage to the musculature in the lower back area. For those who notice slight twinges of pain in the lower back, taking steps to secure some type of back support could make a huge impact on the quality of life in future years.

There are different levels of lumbar support, from minimal to maximum support. A minimum lumbar support device is generally recommended for those who require basic postural support, are independent wheelchair users, and have good trunk control. Configurations with this level of support are typically made from foam, foam with a lumbar support, air, and air with a lumbar support.

A moderate lumbar support is recommended for those who require postural support, are somewhat dependent with transfers, and need minimal trunk support. Models with this level of support are normally made from air, and air with lumbar support. A maximum lumbar support device is recommended for those who require a significant amount of postural support, are more dependent with transfers, and need the maximum amount of trunk support. Models with this level of support may be made with air, and air with lumbar support.

What are Different Types of Lumbar Supports?

There are several different types of lumbar supports for wheelchair users. A few choices include a reclining back support, a low back support, a mid back support, and a support for tall users who have a deep torso.

A reclining back support can recline up to 35 degrees to help reduce pressure on the user’s seating area, and can replace an existing wheelchair back. Some features a reclining back support may have include a high resiliency foam to contour to the user’s anatomy, elbow padding, adjustability for angle and height, and quick and easy installation. Some can also accommodate users up to 450 pounds. Its exterior should provide an easily cleanable surface, and protection for the inner cushion. Some surfaces have a stretch feature that helps alleviate pressure on bony prominences.

A lower profile lumbar support is designed to support the user’s lower portion of the back. It is helpful for active users who lead an energetic lifestyle, and its lower profile gives the upper body a larger range of motion and freedom. The cushion should be washable and breathable, and constructed from materials that make it lightweight and strong.

A mid profile lumbar support is made to support the middle of the back. It can be fully adjustable to fit more body shapes by featuring the ability to be “flipped” to accommodate wider torsos and broader shoulders. It may be able to address specific positioning needs with a full range of angle, depth, width, and vertical adjustments. This type may also be used in motor vehicles for passenger protection. Many mid profile back supports can fit users up to 300 pounds.

A lumbar support that fits tall users with a deep torso can offer greater lateral support than regular cushions, as well as lumbar support. It can help stabilize the spine and correct posture along with adding comfort to the user. It may provide side contours to provide spinal alignment and more support without getting in the way of the arm’s range of motion.

Rehabmart is proud to carry a wide assortment of innovative wheelchair back support cushions from top quality vendors comprising ROHO Group, Adaptive Engineering Lab, Invacare, Comfort Company and Skil-Care.

Hulet Smith, OT
Rehabmart Co-Founder & CEO

lb